Shih Ming-teh, a lifelong campaigner for democracy in Taiwan who spent over twenty years in jail for his trigger and later began a protest motion in opposition to a president from his former get together, died on Jan. 15, his 83rd birthday, in Taipei, the island’s capital.
The trigger was issues of an operation to take away a liver tumor, stated his spouse, Chia-chiun Chen Shih.
Mr. Shih helped lead a pro-democracy protest in 1979 that was brutally damaged up by the police and that’s now considered as a turning level in Taiwan’s journey from authoritarianism to democracy. When he stood trial over the confrontation, he smiled defiantly to the cameras, though his authentic tooth had been shattered years earlier than beneath police torture, and delivered a groundbreaking argument for Taiwan’s independence from China, an thought banned beneath the rule of Chiang Kai-shek after which his son, Chiang Ching-kuo.
“I used to be imprisoned for 25 years, and I confronted the potential for the dying penalty twice, however every time I got here out, I immediately plunged again into the entire effort to overthrow the Chiang household dictatorship,” Mr. Shih stated in an interview with The New York Instances in 2022. “I’m somebody who by no means had a youth.”
He started a lifetime of protest whereas he was a teen. He was first charged with unlawful political actions at age 21. His two spells in jail — together with, he calculated, 13 years in solitary confinement — appeared solely to harden his defiance.
He was honored as a hero when Taiwan emerged as a democracy within the Nineties and have become a frontrunner within the Democratic Progressive Social gathering, the island’s first main opposition get together of the brand new period. However in 2006, he led mass protests in opposition to Chen Shui-bian, the Democratic Progressive president of Taiwan, whom Mr. Shih had as soon as endorsed.
Mr. Shih died two days after Taiwan held its eighth direct democratic vote for a president. After his dying, many Taiwanese, together with some who had fallen out with him, praised his position in Taiwan’s democratization. Taiwan’s president, Tsai Ing-wen, who earlier had her personal strains with him, visited him within the hospital the day earlier than he died.
Mr. Shih “devoted himself to the democratic motion in authoritarian occasions, and was a pioneer for Taiwanese democracy and human rights, with a far-reaching affect,” Ms. Tsai wrote in a tribute to Mr. Shih.
Shi Ming-teh was born on Jan. 15, 1941 in Kaohsiung, a port metropolis in southern Taiwan. He was the fourth of six youngsters of Shih Kuo-tsui, a health care provider, and Shih Chen Ying, who oversaw the house. The household was nicely off, however Mr. Shih’s childhood was overshadowed by warfare and repression, and Mr. Shih stated these reminiscences had formed him all through his life.
Taiwan grew to become caught within the warfare between Japan, who had occupied the island as a colony for over half a century, and advancing U.S. forces. Mr. Shih recalled U.S. bombers placing Kaohsiung. After Japan’s defeat, Chinese language Nationalist troops took management of Taiwan and ruthlessly eradicated opposition. Mr. Shih recalled watching Nationalist troops gun down college students at Kaohsiung’s prepare station.
He later stated his early years had set him on his path as a insurgent in opposition to the waves of colonialists who had dominated Taiwan for hundreds of years; he counted the Nationalists fleeing from China, defeated by Mao Zedong’s Communist forces in 1949, as the most recent of their ranks.
“Taiwan isn’t part of China,” Mr. Shih wrote in a guide revealed in 2021. “Quite the opposite, China is nothing multiple a part of Taiwan’s historical past.”
By the point Mr. Shih was in highschool, the Nationalists had constructed Taiwan right into a fortress in opposition to Mao’s China, and he and a few classmates fashioned an amateurish secret society devoted to profitable independence for Taiwan. He signed up for a navy academy, telling his mom that he had finished so solely to discover ways to mount an armed rebellion in opposition to the Nationalists.
Ms. Shih was an officer on Little Kinmen — a Nationalist-held island perilously near the Chinese language coast — when cops got here to arrest him in 1962. Investigators had uncovered his position within the independence society, and so they appeared satisfied that the group was a part of a a lot bigger plot. They beat Mr. Shih for proof, and his tooth have been shattered or later pulled out.
Mr. Shih was stunned when the decide sentenced him to life imprisonment on a cost of sedition, he stated, and never the dying sentence he had anticipated. When he was given an early launch, in 1977, he threw himself again into opposition actions, regardless of the dangers of being present in violation of parole situations and being despatched again to jail.
“I may see that he was working like a person on hearth to problem the authoritarian rule,” Linda Gail Arrigo, an American scholar and pro-democracy campaigner in Taiwan, who was married to Mr. Shih from 1978 to 1995, stated in a current interview with the Formosa Recordsdata podcast. “He anticipated to die in jail — by execution.”
By the late Nineteen Seventies, the Nationalists’ grip on Taiwanese society had began to loosen, and opposition teams started spreading. Mr. Shih and different activists based {a magazine}, “Formosa,” as a car for his or her trigger. It arrange places of work throughout Taiwan, recruited supporters and held conferences.
The USA’ resolution to modify diplomatic recognition from Taipei to Beijing in 1979 galvanized the opposition, and Taiwan’s Nationalist authorities clamped down, resulting in the conflict in Kaohsiung in December of that yr through which a whole bunch of cops broke up the march organized by Mr. Shih and others.
A lot of his colleagues have been rapidly arrested, however Mr. Shih eluded the police for practically a month earlier than being captured and tried with seven others. An arrest photograph confirmed his jaw lined in bandages, the results of a hasty try at cosmetic surgery to change his look.
The trial drew but extra consideration to their requires democracy, particularly as a result of the federal government — desperate to show its case to the Taiwanese public and the broader world — let journalists and worldwide observers into the courtroom. Tall and lean, Mr. Shih smiled for the cameras, his fingers tucked in his pockets, in what he stated was an effort to convey insouciant confidence.
He used the trial to assault the Nationalist authorities’s place that Taiwan was a part of China. As an alternative, he argued, Taiwan had been separated from China for many years and had in impact develop into unbiased, even when Taiwan’s rulers wouldn’t settle for that actuality. That argument would enter the island’s political mainstream.
“These days these claims appear nothing out of the unusual, however on the time they have been a breakthrough,” Mr. Shih wrote in an account of the trial revealed in 2021. “My smile and my political counterattack have been the rationale that the tyrants didn’t dare to execute me.”
Sentenced to a different life sentence for sedition, he continued his defiance from jail, even because the society outdoors started to open up. He held starvation strikes to protest the assassination of opposition figures and their members of the family and was force-fed some 3,000 occasions, from 1985 to 1990, his former longtime assistant Huang Hui-chun stated in an interview.
In 1987, Taiwan’s president, Lee Teng-hui, supplied to launch the so-called Kaohsiung Incident prisoners, however Mr. Shih refused. He would stroll out of jail, he stated, provided that he was totally exonerated. That step got here in 1990, and Mr. Shih re-entered a Taiwanese society in ferment.
His lengthy struggle for democracy gave him broad affect, and he grew to become a lawmaker and chairman of the Democratic Progressive Social gathering, which emerged because the central opposition to the Nationalists. However after a long time of imprisonment, Mr. Shih was not at all times at residence in Taiwan’s new politics.
When Chen Shui-bian, the Democratic Progressive Social gathering’s candidate, received Taiwan’s presidential election in 2000, many supporters of self-rule for Taiwan have been elated by his shock victory. However Mr. Shih was extra guarded. He resigned from the get together to emphasise his political independence and later turned in opposition to Mr. Chen, angered by rising allegations of corruption.
In 2006, Mr. Shih organized the “Crimson Shirt” motion that drew a whole bunch of 1000’s of individuals to protests outdoors the presidential palace in Taipei calling for Mr. Chen’s removing from workplace. (Mr. Chen stepped down in 2008 and was later convicted on corruption costs. He was launched from jail in 2015 on medical parole.)
Mr. Shih appeared to revel being again in a political battle, and he blended with the crowds, generally carrying a shirt that proclaimed him to be a “commander in chief” of the motion.
“If I look younger, it’s as a result of I used to be frozen for 25 years,” he instructed The New York Instances on the time, referring to his years in jail.
However his renewed prominence alienated some buddies who have been aligned with the Democratic Progressive Social gathering and sad that he had labored with Nationalist Social gathering politicians. Mr. Shih argued that he had been making an attempt to guard democracy and that effort had been extra vital than partisan ties.
He married Chia-chiun Chen Shih, his second spouse, in 1996. He’s additionally survived by their two daughters, Mino Shih and Jasmine Shih. Mr. Shih additionally had two daughters from an earlier relationship.
In his later years, Mr. Shih promoted proposals for locating widespread floor between China and Taiwan, concepts that a few of his former buddies noticed as naïve. He revealed three volumes that recounted his trials and a long time in jail. Ms. Chen Shih stated he had remained haunted by these occasions.
“He instructed me that in the course of the day he knew easy methods to let go of his hatred, however these issues would come again to seek out him at night time in his desires,” she stated. “All that left a deep mark on him.”
